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After a successful encounter, new knowledge emerges. Intellectus possibilis is transformed into "habituality" as the individual masters the new knowledge.  As a result of biological potentials, active choices, and life opportunities, a person developed his unique “habit structures”. Habit structures then enable behaviors that further influence the cascades of engagements in life encounters. 

 

每一個新處境都會觸發新知識，「潛在智慧」 會被轉化為「內化知識結構」 。下列因素會影響個人「內化知識結構」的塑造 ，其中包括：生物潛能、主動選擇、人生機遇等。「內化知識結構」反過來也可以推動我們，參與更多類似的活動，連繫生命機遇。

In the process of engagement and alignment, it is important for clinicians to recognize that patients’ main concerns might be different from the clinicians’ objectives. This is often referred as the “hidden agenda”. Some exploration and probing will be required for the clinicians to come to an understanding of what lies at the core of the patients’ concerns and tries to align those objectives with the clinician’s own objectives in order to ensure successful therapeutic alliance with the patient.

 

與病人建立連繫及調準的過程中，臨床工作者須明白，病人關心的事情可能與臨床工作者大不同。病人有他/她的「隱藏議程」。臨床工作者須花時間對病人進行探索，明白病人關注的事情，盡量讓兩者目標融合，這對成功建立「治療同盟」非常重要。

Personal accessories are visible items we carry with us, like jewellery or watches. Accessories are Habitus that we have chosen, therefore they contain information about ourselves. Personal items give information about the values, aestheticsand choices of the clinician. This information could dichotomize patients into two groups: one group consists of patients who align with the clinician in their expressed values and the other group does not align with him. If the patient perceives that the clinician does not share the same values, then the patient will have less anticipation that the clinician can be empathic over his problems. Therefore, in general, a clinician should not unnecessarily draw attention to his personal values. 

 

個人飾物是我們佩戴著、可見之物，例如珠寶、手錶。個人飾物反映出我們的喜好及習慣，它們隱藏著關於我們的信息。個人飾物反映臨床工作者的價值觀、美感和選擇等信息。這些信息會讓病人把臨床工作者分為截然不同的兩組：一組是病人十分認同臨床工作者的價值觀，另一組是不認同臨床工作者的價值觀。如果病人認為臨床工作者與自己不能分享共同價值，病人會對臨床工作者減低期望，並且認為臨床工作者沒有能力同理自己的問題。一般來說，臨床工作者最好不要引導病人關注他們的個人價值。

Health leads to openness, growth and harmony in relating on a broad front. On the other hand, negative growth directions often lead to less openness and a narrower focus. It is perhaps easier to conceptualize unhealthiness as leading to an increasingly narrow (less information) path in the way a person engages his Lifeworld. This view converges with the idea of homeostasis in biological systems. In health, biological systems are maintained in a stable equilibrium. Negative feedback systems detect small perturbations and initiate mechanisms to restore homeostasis. The goal of homeostasis is to maintain a stable position in the social environment. For the mind, if a situation leads to further and further escalation of the original changes, we should be alerted and examine the health status of the system.

 

健康給個體帶來開放性、成長、和諧，與事物的廣泛連繫。另一方面，負面的發展方向則會引致封閉和狹隘。我們可以把「不健康」視為個體涉身生活世界的路愈走愈窄(即較少資訊)。這觀點與生物系統的「體內平衡」觀念不謀而合。當一個人處於健康狀態，生物系統會保持穩定平衡，當負向回饋系統偵測到微細擾動，便會啟動機制回復系統平衡。「體內平衡」系統的作用，就是在社會環境中讓生物保持穩定。引伸至我們的內心，當情況遠離原先的變化，我們便須留心，檢查「體內平衡」是否處於健康狀態。

“Here-and-now” reflection is a technique that brings the focus of the clinical dialogue to the present process of the interview itself. Often the content of an interview dialogue refers to events and experiences that have happened in the past outside the interview room. This external focus of the conversations is necessary to explore comprehensively what a person has experienced outside the interview setting. However, when the interview process itself becomes an important focus of attention, for example, when information flow is impeded in the interview, it may be necessary deliberately to focus on “Here-and now”. Notably, “Here-and-now” reflection is used as a technique to address some interview difficulties (such as the shut-down interview).

 

當下反思是一種技巧，它把臨床對話的焦點轉移至當下一刻。通常面談的內容大多圍繞面談室以外發生的事件和經歷。把談話焦點放在面談室以外是需要的，目的是全面探討病人的經歷。但如果面談過程出現問題，例如面談信息流通出現障礙，那麼便需要刻意把焦點放在當下。當下反思是一種技巧，用作針對一些面談出現的困難(例如結束面談)。