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In a psychopathology evaluation, the interviewer himself is not just a passive observer, but an active participant in a process of dialogue in which psychopathological experiences are clarified. Probing refers to the process in which the interviewer actively interacts with the subject in an attempt to facilitate the description of the phenomena. Active probing offers a good opportunity to observe how the patient comes up with responses. A single phenomenon could be probed from different angles using different lines of approach. This may yield different results. Having a grasp of the different descriptions that emerge from different probes enables a more in-depth appreciation of the phenomena under observation.

 

當進行心理病變的評估，面談員不是單單作為一個被動的觀察者，而是一個主動的參與者，與受訪者進行對話，弄清楚心理病變的經歷。探查是指面談員主動與受訪者進行互動，讓受訪者可以描述現象。主動探查是一個好機會去觀察病人的反應。一個現象可以從不同角度、不同取向進行探查，並且會得出不同結果。當我們從不同探查方法、掌握不同描述，我們會對現象的觀察更加深入。

In the clinical dialogue one person initiates the conversation by activating a context for the communication. The process of setting up background (contextual) information constitutes part of the mechanisms for “alignment”. Setting up representations for the invariant background information in a conversation results in an alignment of these representation for the participants as the conversation proceeds. During the process of semantic alignment, participants are familiarised with the other person’s choice of words and their associated meanings. A well-aligned conversation conveys complex information parsimoniously between the two participants.

 

在臨床對話中，其中一人透過提供情景脈絡資料，展開對話。這些情景脈絡資料有助於拉近彼此的距離。當情景脈絡資料進一步得到表徵，便可校準對話。在語意校準過程中，參與者聆聽並掌握對方的用字及相關意義。一個成功校準的對話可以更有效達致複雜的溝通交流。

Aesthetics experiences are important for human identity in the context of relationships. Capacity for aesthetic experience enables a sense of identity. Being able to engage aesthetically with some aspects of the world engenders a sense of belonging to Life. In the experience, one allows oneself to resonate deeply with higher realms beyond oneself and the immediate environment. It carries meaning beyond narrow mundane calculations. Such inspirational experience produces an alignment with Life that often is valued as an ultimate “meaning”. Such moments bring us closer to the experience of the Divine. This state of mind informs us about the ideals of “well-being”. In this “inspired” mode, inner tensions subside through subjugating diverse representations to alignment in one dominant direction, that of something larger and beyond. This alignment can offer hope when it is experienced beyond the chaos and disorders of daily encounters.

 

美感經歷對於人類在關係中建立身份很重要。能夠體驗美感是一種身份的肯定。能夠體會世界的美，會產生一種對生命的歸屬感；在這種體驗中，我們會容許超越平常的自我及週遭環境，與更高的領域產生共鳴，這種經歷超越了平凡的計算。這種啟發經歷能引領我們回歸生命，重新發現生命的終極意義。這些片刻讓我們更接近神聖。這種狀態提醒我們何謂良好的生存狀態。在這種充滿啟發經歷中，內心的緊張消失了，我們會把不同表徵轉移至一個更大、更超越的主要方向。這種同步讓我們超越日常生活中的混亂與失調，給我們希望。

The clinical dialogue is a unique encounter between two Persons. To be effective, it requires the participants to be open to relate to the other person empathically. This purpose is best served with an open mind, with patience and attention to details, minimising assumptions. It allows the other person to go beyond one’s expectations and to surprise. It allows the other person to be creative in one’s mind. In this mode, the clinician is open to the possibility that the representational structure in his own mind can be changed by the encounter. The interview process becomes a creative interaction. Instead of being a closed one-way process, accommodation of new information is anticipated. This openness in authenticity will prevent a closure to new observations.

 

臨床對話是兩個人獨特的相遇。要達致成效，參與者必須保持開放態度，以同理心與別人建立關聯。要達到這個目的，需要開放性思維，耐性，留心細微，並且不要太多假設。過程中，我們要讓對方超越自己的期望，產生驚喜；也要讓對方在內心交流上，發揮創意。臨床工作者要有心理準備，透過這種溝通模式，自己的表徵結構是可以改變的。訪談變成了一次創意互動，不再是單向的溝通過程，而是會帶來新的資訊、新的轉變。當我們擁抱開放、堅守真誠，便可以觀察到新的可能，不會固步自封。

The “I” engages life experiences as an active agent in experiencing the Lifeworld. In the present moment, the “I” can decide whether to engage with particular aspect of his Lifeworld. Although the decision is suggested by positive or negative dispositions, these factors can be overridden. Ultimately the “I’ can make decisions counter to these factors. The Person can apply a sustained intention (will) to initiate and maintain particular actions. This leads to an experience of voluntary choice. This also includes active choice for the direction of conscious engagements with particular contents.

 

人在生活世界中，是帶著生命的主動能動者。在當下一刻，我可以決定參與生活世界的哪一部分。雖然這決定受到正面或負面的性格特質所影響，我們仍可超越這些因素的限制，最終我可以作出一些決定，與這些因素抗衡。人可以利用主觀意志去啟動並維持某些行動，經歷自主選擇。這些選擇亦包括有意識地主動涉身某些生活層面。